Posts Tagged ‘home’

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Several killed in Arizona shooting, members of Congress critical Tucson, Arizona (AP) – Rep. Gabrielle Giffords of Arizona, was shot in the head in the Saturday edition of a Shooters who opened fire outside a grocery store in a meeting with voters, killing a federal judge and four others in a rampage that rattled the country and left politicians fear for their safety. "It is a tragedy for Arizona, and a tragedy for our whole country," President Barack Obama says.
Putting on Influenza PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) for Healthcare Workers

dog training infomercial

Anybody tried Don Sullivan's The Perfect Dog system?

Saw an infomercial for this dog training video and equipment: If http://www.thane.com/products/promos/perfectdog/perfectdog.php You buy that? What is your experience with it? Would you recommend?

This is a great example of someone very experienced, as the Internet . Use Do a quick search of "Don Sullivan" and "Perfect Dog" and find a host of forums with a question and then a couple of answers, all positive (without explaining the technique). But strangely, it seems that the answers to read the same … "He's a guy on the ground" or "true to the promise In the infomercial, "or" results saw a few weeks "or" works better than anything I've ever tried to "1. Don Sullivan claims that this treatment will not work. Yes, if you are attracting. But decades of operant conditioning research (with humans and animals such as dolphins, horses, cats, Orcas and certainly dogs) has shown that this is wrong. The problem is, you've got a number of old time, out-of-touch with new research results, are people who think that bribes treated. They are not. What you do is the design of the association that a dog with a special event. 2. He does not use markers (for dogs that the clicker would be for dolphins or killer whales, a whistle), research has shown that this training has to be the easiest, fastest way. All serious animal trainers in places like SeaWorld animal trainer in Hollywood, or rely on them. 3. His technique is to build a modified plastic prong collar. Yes, it will change the behavior, but only a very superficial Way. For example, let's assume your dog is hectic, when strangers approach the door and starts barking quickly. You use to stop the Sullivan collar and the bark. Problem solved? Not quite. The dog is probably the behavior of wearing something. For example, it would probably become more likely to bite. The point I make is that pain does not resolve adversive behavior and why does the dog, she does it only shifts in behavior. So if your dog is threatened by a neighboring dog and starts to bark whenever the dog so that you are "right" appears as your dog does not suddenly feel that the other dog is not a threat, it works Just do not bark. Instead, it may look for an opportunity to attack. Or it may feel that you can not be trusted. Or to escape the dog more. Since decades old school trainers used to train choke collars and prong collars dogs. Of course, they can produce behavior change. But what we have clearly established that it does not change why the dog was behaving so to transfer the behavior of something else, often with aggressive dogs and aggressive behavior, and it does not improve the bond with the handler or owner. But other than that, it is effective. I'll give you one last thought: I compete in agility. At the highest levels, just no the handler I know would treat their dogs this way. And some of them run save (so it's not that they have some rare unique dog different from the rest of us). Some of these people have dog agility show, the tricks or TV ads do for the dog products – again, they would never think of such behavior. Save your money. It as in BarkBusters that all promoters. Far better, in something of Patricia McConnell's books investing (the other end of the leash is a good one) or Leslie McDevitt's "Control Unleashed" (if you got a reactive dog) or visit Shirley Chong's Web site.

Dog Trainer Video Infomercial Internet Marketing Services

dog training treat bags

Dog training …?

If my 6yr old King Charles Spaniel is in the car she gets VERY exctied and howls all the way there! it sounds as if they is removed and will not stop whining and barking what took me everywhere they fear. I tried feeding it treats and when she finished a doggy bag full of chocolate during the whole trip. This actually worked, as her memory, keep the ride, but I would like to be Situation, it is with me alone and not always easy to ask someone to hold her when she jumps all over the car too. Any suggestions on how they made to stop this way? Sounds as if she had scared or excited? I'm not sure … It can be very embarrassing if we achieve our goal, ie, the beach everyone hears it stares us

better use, so it feels secure a box .. . Make sure seatbuckle, the box .. Start with short trips in the car and come At home … Extension of the trips until you complain they no longer heard. Papillon my wife is pleased the matter with me as soon as I get the "Bye-Bye-box" … Patience it may take you a while to calm their fear. And stop feeding treats .. You are just reinforcing their "bad" behavior. the "pack leader" and if she starts to whine (if you decide not to use a box), they get out of the car, they do stay / sit until she calms down and try again … not treated until you either reach your destination or to get back home.

Kaisa – Loose Dog Distraction

puppy dog kids bedding

My 10 month old puppy has started acting strangely at the same time each night?

She is great all day. When the kids go to bed and we sit down to hang out, at roughly 8:30, she starts to bark and we can’t make her happy. It lasts about a hour and then she settles down. We’ve tried playing ball, she is not interested. We’ve tried settling her, and she just barks. It is not dangerous or threatening, but just odd and difficult to manage. Again, great dog all day and happy, it is just this half hour time frame where she acts up.

if it looks like she is moving her head as if watching someone, she is looking at a Ghost.

GOOD FELON SAVES DOG FROM JAIL

puppy training teething

My puppy has recently started chewing on EVERYTHING!!!?

I live in an apartment and my puppy has recently started chewing on the bottom of my cabinets on the floor… He has also started barking a lot. At people walking by, and noises, etc… I have only had him for about a week and I am starting his puppy training classes on April 8th but is there anything I can do in the meantime to keep him quieter and help with the chewing? He’s 4 months old and I’m sure he’s teething but there has to be something I can do.

Load him up with acceptable chew toys, my dogs love the ones you can fill with treats and peanut butter – (just make sure there are holes in both ends). These will keep your dog quiet and give them something to chew. When he chews something unnaceptable, reprimand (strong NO and give him his correct toys) You might also want to place his chew chews in a crate where he can go inside and chew to his hearts content. Just don’t use the crate as a punishment.

KONG Activity Ball & Teething Stick

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Baby Showers & Bands…all in one day!

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Santa Monica, California

History
Main article: History of Santa Monica, California
Attractions and cultural resources
Santa Monica Pier entrance
Santa Monica Civic Auditorium by Welton Becket designed in 1958. Home of the Oscars ceremony 1961 to 1968.
The Monica, on 2nd Street, remains a popular art house / independent film theater.
The Santa Monica Hippodrome (carousel) is a National Historic Landmark. It sits on the Santa Monica Pier, built in 1909. The La Monica Ballroom on the pier was once the largest ballroom in the U.S., and sends the source of many New Year's Eve national network. The Santa Monica Civic Auditorium was an important music venue for several decades and hosted the Academy Awards in the 1960s. McCabe's Guitar Shop is still a leading acoustic performance Room and retail outlet. Bergamot Station is a city owned art gallery that the connection Santa Monica Museum of Art includes. The city is also home to the Santa Monica Heritage Museum.
Santa Monica is home to the Third Street Promenade, a major outdoor pedestrian-oriented shopping district that stretches for three blocks between Wilshire Blvd. and Broadway (not the same Broadway in downtown and south of Los Angeles). Third Street was closed for those three blocks and converted to a pedestrian-only To stretch it to gather the people, and enjoy street performers Shop. designed Santa Monica Place, the indoor Mall by Frank Gehry, is located just to the south. It is closed for the renovation was, and is expected in spring 2010 as a modern shopping-entertainment complex with more space to open in the open.
Santa Monica Hosted the annual Santa Monica Film Festival.
The oldest cinema in the city is the Majestic. The Mayfair Theatre, the theater, which opened in 1912 announced closed since the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The Aero Theater (now operated by the American Cinematheque) and Criterion Theater were built in the 1930s and still show movies. The Promenade in Santa Monica alone supports more than a dozen screens.
Palisades Park stretches along the crumbling cliffs overlooking the Pacific Ocean and is a popular area for walking in the view of the sea. It features a camera obscura. 48 years at local churches and the Police Association presented a 12-panel story of Christmas The scales were in Palisades Park on the street side open, protected by chain link fences (For the years it had no fences, because vandalism was not a big Problem). Inside were dioramas of the Holy Family of mannequins, critics argued that many of them do not like real people, were damaged or were otherwise inappropriate. In 2001 the city decided to temporarily end the practice shows, private groups, are held in the city parks, but in 2004 this Christmas show returned.
The Santa Monica stairs, a long, steep staircase leading down from north of San Vicente in Santa Monica Canyon, is a popular meeting place for all-natural outdoor workouts. Some residents have complained that the stairs become too popular, and attracts many exercisers to the wealthy neighborhood of multimillion-dollar properties.
Locals and tourists have the Santa Monica Rugby Club since 1972. The club was very successful since its conception, most recently won back-to-back national championships in the years 2005 and 2006. Santa Monica defeated the Boston Irish Wolfhounds 57-19 in the Division 1 final, convincingly claimed his second consecutive American title on 4th June 2006 in San Diego. They provide for men, women, and a lively children's programs. The association recently joined the Rugby Super League.
Every fall the Santa Monica Chamber of Commerce hosts The Taste of Santa Monica on the Santa Monica Pier. Visitors can food and drinks from Santa Monica restaurants. Other annual events include the Business and Consumer Expo, Sustainable Quality Awards in Santa Monica Cares Health and Wellness Festival, and the condition of the city.
Santa Monica is an international Mecca for skateboarding culture. [Edit]
Santa Monica has two hospitals: Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica and UCLA Medical Center. His Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery.
Santa Monica several newspapers and magazines, including the Santa Monica Daily Press, Santa Monica Mirror, the Santa Monica Observer Newspaper, Magazine Santa Monica and Santa Monica Sun
Education
Elementary and secondary schools
The Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District provides public education in elementary and secondary schools. Private schools in the city include The Crossroads School, New Roads School, Concord High School, Pacifica Christian High, St. Anne Catholic School, Lighthouse Christian Academy and St. Monica Catholic High School. Remarkable Primary schools include Carlthorp School and Santa Monica Montessori School.
Post-secondary
Santa Monica College is a community college founded in 1929. Many SMC graduates the University of California-transfer system. It occupies 35 acres (14 hectares) and 30,000 students enrolled annually. The Frederick S. Pardee RAND Graduate School, the RAND Corporation connected, is the largest U.S. producer of public order, the doctors Art Institute of California Los Angeles in Santa Monica near the Santa Monica Airport removed, even if many are misled into believing that the institute is in the city of Los Angeles because of his name.
Universities and colleges within a 15-mile (24 km) radius of Santa Monica include Los Angeles City College, Los Angeles Southwest College, Los Angeles Valley College, Loyola Marymount University, Mount St. Mary's College, Pepperdine University, California State University, Northridge, California State University, Los Angeles, UCLA, USC, West Los Angeles College and West Valley Occupational Center.
Transport
The Santa Monica Freeway (Interstate 10) begins in Santa Monica near the Pacific Ocean and heads east. The Santa Monica Freeway between Santa Monica and Downtown Los Angeles has the distinction of being one of the busiest highways in North America. After crossing the Los Angeles County, I-10 crosses seven more states ends in Jacksonville, Florida. In Santa Monica, there is a sign naming the route as Christopher Columbus Transcontinental Highway. State Route 2 (Santa Monica Boulevard) begins in Santa Monica, barely grazing State Route 1 at Lincoln Boulevard and continue north-east of Los Angeles County, through the Angeles National Forest, crossing the San Gabriel Mountains Angeles Crest Highway and as ends in Wrightwood. Santa Monica is also the Western (Pacific) terminus of the historic Route 66 USA. Near the eastern boundary of Santa Monica, Sepulveda Boulevard reaches of Long Beach in the south, to the north end of the San Fernando Valley. Just east of Santa Monica is Interstate 405, the "San Diego Freeway "an important north-south route in Los Angeles County and Orange County, California.
On the other hand, has City of Santa Monica's first all-electric ZeroTruck bought medium trucks, the vehicle is with a utility body Scelzi, it is based on the Isuzu N-Series chassis, a UQM Power Phase 100 electric motor and Advanced is the only one in the U.S. built electric truck for the services provided will be sold in the United States in 2009.
Bus
The City of Santa Monica has its own bus service, the Big Blue Bus, which includes much of West Los Angeles and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). A Big Blue Bus was featured prominently in the action film Speed.
The City of Santa Monica is also supported by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority bus lines served. Metro also complements Big Blue service, such as where the Big Blue routes will not work Nacht, many Metro buses Big Blue Bus stops, in addition to MTA bus stops. It has no current Metro Rail service, but is to bring light rail to Santa Monica in the form exposure Line work. Since the mid-1980s, various proposals have been made to extend the Purple Line subway to Santa Monica Wilshire Boulevard. But until still no plans, the "subway to the sea are complete before" to the difficulties in financing due to the estimated $ 5000000000 project. In the past, Santa Monica Rail Service of the Pacific Electric Railway operated until it was dismantled in the 1960s.
Airport and ports
The city owns and operates a general aviation airport, Santa Monica Airport, which the site of several important achievements of the air was. Commercial flights are for the people of Los Angeles International Airport are available, a few miles south of Santa Monica.
Like other cities in Los Angeles County, Santa Monica is dependent on the port of Long Beach and the Port of Los Angeles for the international ship cargo. In the 1890s, Santa Monica was once in competition with Wilmington, Calif., and San Pedro for the Recognition as a "Port Of Los Angeles" (see History of Santa Monica, California).
Medical Services
Two major hospitals are within Santa Monica city limits, UCLA Santa Monica Hospital and St. John's Hospital. There are five fire stations providing medical and fire response units Fire 121-125. Santa Monica Fire used to be shipped within the city. However SMFD now included in the Operation Command Dispatch (OCD) System for the Los Angeles City Fire Department. Ambulance Transportation is Gerber Ambulance Services provided.
Geography
Santa Monica Pier and beach views from the end of Santa Monica Pier. Note that the highest bluff on the north end, which is left in the picture
Santa Monica is situated at 341'19 "North, 11828'53" West (34.022059, -118.481336).
The city rests on a mostly flat slope down towards the corner of Ocean Avenue and south. High cliffs separate the north side of the city of beaches.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 41.2 km (15.9 miles), 21.4 km (8.3 mi) from the country. Its borders with extend three miles (5.6 km) out to sea, and as 19.8 km (7.7 mi is) the water for an area, the 48.08% water.
Climate
Palm trees line Ocean Avenue
Santa Monica Downtown at dusk
Santa Monica is an average of 310 days of sunshine a year. Because of its location, nestled into the wide and open Santa Monica Bay, morning fog is a widespread phenomenon in May, June and early July (caused by temperature fluctuations and ocean currents). The locals have a particular terminology for this phenomenon: "May Gray" and "June Gloom". Overcast skies are common for June mornings, but usually the strong sun burns the fog away from noon. Nevertheless, it is sometimes cloudy and cool all day stay in June, as well as other parts of the Los Angeles area to enjoy the sunshine and warmer temperatures. At times, the sun is east of 20th St., while the beach is covered.
As a general rule, the beach is temperature 50-10 degrees Fahrenheit (3 to 5.5 Degrees Celsius) cooler than the interior is. A typical spring day (mid April) is sunny, pleasant and about 68 F (20 C). In the summer ranges from May to October Temperatures can reach the mid-80s Fahrenheit (30 C) on the beach. The average temperature for August is 71 F (21 C). September is the warmest Months of the year in Santa Monica, with an average of 73.2 F (22 C). It is also in September that high temperature records tend to be broken. In early September 2004, 92 F (33 C) 98 F (33 C to 37 C) were recorded.
In early November, it is about 68 F (20 C). End of January, temperatures around 63 F (17 C). It is winter, but if the hot dry winds of the Santa Anas are most common. In mid-December 2004 increased temperatures to 84 F (28 C) in Santa Monica, just for a few days, with perfectly sunny skies. Unlike to temperatures exceeding 10 degrees below the average are rare.
The rainy season is from late October to late March. Winter storms usually approach from the northwest and go quickly through the Southland. There is very little rain during the rest of the year. unpredictable annual rainfall totals as occasionally rainy years of drought followed.
Santa Monica enjoys generally a cool breeze from the sea, the air keeps fresh and clean. Therefore, smog is less a problem for Santa Monica than elsewhere in Los Angeles. However, in the autumn months from September to November, the Santa Ana winds often blow from the east, bringing smoggy inland air to the beaches.
Climate Data for Santa Monica
Month
January
February
Mar
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Year
Record high C (F)
29
(84)
32
(90)
32
(90)
37
(99)
31
(88)
33
(91)
33
(91)
35
(95)
40
(104)
37
(99)
38
(100)
32
(90)
40
(104)
Average high C (F)
18
(64)
17
(63)
17
(63)
17
(63)
18
(64)
19
(66)
21
(70)
21
(70)
22
(72)
21
(70)
19
(66)
19
(66)
22
(72)
Average low C (F)
10
(50)
11
(52)
11
(52)
12
(54)
13
(55)
15
(59)
17
(63)
17
(63)
17
(63)
15
(59)
12
(54)
11
(52)
10
(50)
C record low (F)
1
(34)
2
(36)
1
(34)
4
(39)
6
(43)
7
(45)
11
(52)
11
(52)
7
(45)
6
(43)
3
(37)
1
(34)
1
(34)
Precipitation mm (inches)
77.7
(3.06)
83.6
(3.29)
65.0
(2.56)
13.5
(0.53)
6.4
(0.25)
1.0
(0.04)
0.3
(0.01)
3.3
(0.13)
4.3
(0.17)
9.1
(0.36)
25.9
(1.02)
47.9
(1.89)
338
(13.31)
Source:
Environment
The city is known as one of the leading sustainable cities in the United States all known. [Who?] Three out of four of the city public works Vehicles run on alternative fuel, making it the largest such fleets in the country. All public buildings use renewable energy sources. Over the last 15 years City greenhouse gas emissions cut nearly 10 percent, a feat in car-crazy Southern California. Representatives of the city and residents have the ongoing cleanup of the Santa Monica Bay made a priority of an urban runoff facility catches 3.5 million gallons of water per week, otherwise flow into the bay. Other features include ecological Miles of beaches, extensive Curbside recycling, farmers markets, community gardens, and the city bus system.
Demographics
Historical population
Census
Pop.
%
1880
417
1890
1580
278.9%
1900
3057
93.5%
1910
7847
156.7%
1920
15 252
94.4%
1930
37 146
143.5%
1940
53 500
44.0%
1950
71 595
33.8%
1960
83 249
16.3%
1970
88 289
6.1%
1980
88 314
0%
1990
86 905
1.6%
2000
84 084
3.2%
Est. 2008
87 664
4.3%
Santa Monica City Hall, Donald Parkinson designed with terrazo mosaics by Stanton Macdonald-Wright
Santa Monica's population of 417 in 1880 to 87 664 grown in 2008. For population statistics by decade, see History of Santa Monica, California.
According to the census of 2000, there were 84 084 people 44 497 households and 16 775 families residing in the city. The population density is 3,930.4 / km (10,178.7 / Mi). There are 47,863 housing units at an average density of 2,237.3 / km (5,794.0 / mi). The population of the city is 78.29% White, 7.25% Asian, 3.78% African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 5.97% from other races, and 4.13% from two or more races. 13.44% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race to be. There are 44 497 households out of which 15.8% had children under the age of 18 years, 27.5% are married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder no husband present, and 62.3% were non-families. 51.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average Household size was 1.83 and the average family size is 2.80.
The City of Santa Monica is consistently among the most educated cities in the United States, as the proportion of residents with graduate degrees measured.
The population is different in age, with 14.6% under 18, 6.1% 18-24, 40.1% 25-44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% 65 years or older. The average age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 years, there are 91.3 males.
According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the city of $ 71,796, and the median income for a Family $ 100,657. Males had a median income of $ 55,689 to $ 42,948 for females. The per capita income for the city is $ 42,874. 10.4% of the population and 5.4% of families live below the poverty line. From the total population, 9.9% of respondents under the age of 18 and 10.2% who were 65 or older are below the poverty line . Live
Government and Infrastructure
The Santa Monica City Council, a council-manager form of government with seven council members elected at-large, the current Board of Directors the city. Mayor Ken Genser died on 9 January 2010, and Pam O'Connor took the title of a temporary mayor. In the state legislature Santa Monica is in the 23rd California State Senate District, represented by Democrat Fran Pavley, and in the 41st California State Assembly District District, represented by Democrat Julia Brownley. Nationwide, Santa Monica in California, 30 Congress of the district, which has a Cook PVI of D 20 and is represented by Democrat Henry Waxman located.
Economy
This section needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by reliable evidence. Be challenged Unsourced material may be removed. (2009)
Headquarters Activision
Santa Monica is home to the headquarters of many leading companies, including Lions Gate Films, Experian subsidiary LowerMyBills.com, the RAND Corporation, an investment firm Dimensional Fund Advisors, search engine companies Business.com, and film / TV production company and record label The Playtone Company, directed by actor Tom Hanks and producer Gary Goetzman. Large companies with offices in Santa Monica include Microsoft, Yahoo, Google, Universal, MTV and Edmunds.com. The Design Center California for Volkswagen, which used in Simi Valley, moved to the former site of the Museum of Flying at Santa Monica Airport in 2006. Volkswagen's only styling studio in North America was responsible for many automobile designs, including to see the New Beetle and the Audi Road Jet concept at the Detroit Auto Show. The offices for the Comedy Central show South Park are in Santa Monica. Supermarine, now Atlantic Aviation at the Santa Monica Airport. [Edit]
A number of game development studios in Santa Monica on, making it an important site for the industry. These include:
Activision
High Impact Games (working with the PSP system and makers of Ratchet: Size Matters)
Insomniac Games (Creators of Spyro the Dragon (19982000), Ratchet & Clank and Resistance franchises)
Naughty Dog (Crash Bandicoot Creators of (19,961,999), Jak & Daxter and Uncharted franchise)
SCE Studios Santa Monica
Studio Santa Monica (one-house studio of SCE and creator of God of War)
Former Santa Monica include Douglas Aircraft Company (Now merged with Boeing) and MySpace (now headquartered in Beverly Hills). [Edit in December 1996], GeoCities on the third floor of 1918 was based Main Street in Santa Monica.
Crime
In 2006, crime in Santa Monica affected 4.41% of the population, slightly lower than the national average crime rate this year of 4.48%. The majority of this property was crime, which affected 3.74% of the population of Santa Monica in 2006, which was higher than the prices for the Los Angeles County (2.76%) and California (3.17%), but lower than the national average (3.91%). This per capita crime rates are based on Santa Monica's full-time calculated the population of about 85,000. But the Santa Monica Police Department, the actual per capita crime is proposed, is much lower, as tourists, Workers and beach goers can increase the city's daytime population 250000-450000 people.
Violent crimes have affected 0.67% of the Population in Santa Monica in 2006, in accordance with the Los Angeles County (0.65%) but higher than the averages for California (0.53%) and the nation (0.55%).
Hate crime reporting is generally minimal in Santa Monica, with only an incident in the year 2007. However, the city experienced a bit of anti-Islamic hate crime In 2001, after the attacks of 11 September. Hate crime levels their minimal level of 2000-2002 returns.
In 2006, Santa Monica voters "Measure Y "with a 65% majority, which postponed the issuance of citations for smoking marijuana on the ground of the police priority list. A 2009 study by the Santa Monica Daily Press indicated that since the law entered into force in 2007, police in Santa Monica not issued any quotations for offenses involving adults, personal use of marijuana in private homes. "
Gang activity
While gentrification has transformed much of the city, some areas of Santa Monica experience gang activity. The city estimates that less than 50 gang members in Santa Monica, although some community organizers deny this claim. Gang activity is common for decades in the Pico neighborhood, particularly the part of the area running from about 14th Street, just east of Cloverfield, and between Pico Boulevard and Colorado Ave. This war has only sporadically in the halls of Santa Monica High School and impacts daily life for students at Olympic High School (on the corner of spilled Ocean Park Blvd and Lincoln Blvd). These various feuds have claimed dozens of lives over more than two decades.
Culver / Pico feud
One of the most violent feuds between Latino Santa Monica 13 gang gangs and the rival Culver City 13. In 1998, five deaths in shooting a period of two weeks between the two bands occurred.
In October 1998, claimed Culver City 13 gang member Omar Sevilla, 21, was killed by Culver City. A few hours after the shooting of Sevilla, German Tourist Horst Fietze was killed. Several days later Juan Martin Campos shot dead, aged 23 years at Santa Monica City employers and former gang member. The police think this was a retaliation killing in reaction to the death of Omar Sevilla. Less than twenty-four hours later, Javier Cruz was outside his home on 17th and Michigan, a violence riddled pocket of the Pico wounded area.
In 2006 there was a double homicide in the Westside Clothing store on Lincoln Boulevard. During the incident, Culver City gang members David "Puppet" Robles and Jesse "Psycho" Garcia in the store and began masks opened fire, killing Anthony and Michael Juarez. Then ran outside to a getaway vehicle by a third Culver City gang member, who is now also gone into custody. The clothing store was assumed that a local hang for Santa Monica gang members. Among the dead included two men from Northern California who see only been visiting the shop owner, her cousin to see if they have a similar Shop could open in their area. Police say the incident was gunned down in retaliation for a shooting of the Santa Monica 13 days before the Juarez brothers Gang required.
Apart from the rivalry with the Culver City Gang, Black and Latino Pico gang members also feud with the Venice and West Los Angeles gangs. The most important competitors in these regions include Venice 13, and Venice Shoreline Crips gangs in the Oakwood area of Venice, California. The SOTEL 13 gang in West Los Angeles has long been the most important Rival of Santa Monica's Latino gangs.
In popular culture
Film and TV
Hundreds of movies were shot or in part within the city of Santa Monica. One of the oldest outdoor scenes in Santa Monica is Buster Keaton Spite Marriage (1929), showing much of 2nd Street. The comedy It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World was added (1963), some scenes in Santa Monica, including those at California Street slope that shot the film The Treasure Spot LED, "The Big W ". The Sylvester Stallone movie Rocky III (1982) shows, Rocky Balboa and Apollo Creed Clubber Lang education by fighting on the Santa Monica Beach, and Stallone's Demolition Man (1993) includes Santa Monica settings. Henry Jaglom's Someone to Love indie (1987), the last film, Orson Welles appeared in the find, the venerable Mayfair Santa Monica's Theatre. Heathers (1989) uses Santa Monica's John Adams Middle School for many outdoor shots. The Truth About Cats & Dogs (1996) is complete in Santa Monica, in particular the Palisades Park area and has set a radio, which is similar to KCRW at Santa Monica College. 17 Again (2009) was in Samo High shot. Other films that show significant Outside Santa Monica Fletch (1985) belong, Get Shorty (1995) and Ocean's Eleven (2001).
The Documentary Dogtown and Z-Boys (2001) and the related dramatic film Lords of Dogtown (2005) are both about the culture of skateboarding's most influential Santa Monica Ocean Park neighborhood in the 70s.
The Santa Monica Pier is shown in many films, including They Shoot Horses, Do not They? (1969), The Sting (1973), Ruthless People (1986), Beverly Hills Cop III (1994), Clean Slate (1994), Forrest Gump (1994), The Net (1995), Love Stinks (1999), Cellular (2004) and Hannah Montana: The Movie (2009),.
A number of television series have in Santa Monica, were among others Baywatch, Three's Company, Pacific Blue and set Private Practice. In Buffy the Vampire Slayer, the main street of the town set Sunnydale, including the notorious "Zodiac", was in Santa Monica in a lot on Olympic Boulevard.
The Movies The Doors (1991) and Speed (1994) featured Santa Monica's Big Blue Bus.
The City of Santa Monica (Santa Monica Airport, and in particular) was featured in Roland Emmerich's disaster movie 2012 (2009). An earthquake destroyed the airport and flee the area when a group of survivors in a personal level.
Literature
Raymond Chandler's most famous character, detective Philip Marlowe, often has some of his adventures in a place called "Bay City", the on the Depression-era Santa Monica is modeled. In Marlowe's world, Bay City, "a wide-open city," where gambling and other crimes flourish due to a massively corrupt and ineffective police force.
The adjustment to a certain proportion of Mitch Albom's book, The Five People You Meet in Heaven, has similarities to the Pacific Pier along the Santa Monica Beach. In the book, it is called Ruby Pier. Mitch Albom even acknowledged the Pacific Pier for their cooperation.
Music
The band "Linkin Park" was named after Lincoln Park in Santa Monica.
The modern rock band Theory of a Deadman's song titled "Santa Monica" is a first-person account about a girl leaving her partner to start a new life in Santa Monica.
The band released a song with Everclear entitled "Santa Monica" in 1995, which was their first mainstream hit.
The band Savage Garden also released a song titled "Santa Monica" from their album # 3 U.S. Savage Garden (1997).
The ska / reggae band, Bedouin Soundclash a song titled "Santa Monica".
One of the few songs the musical satirist Tom recognized teacher since the 1970s is a tribute to the holidays of the Jewish calendar, entitled "I spend Hanukkah in Santa Monica.
Santa Monica is referenced throughout Jack's Mannequin's debut album Everything in Transit.
In 1968 published British Singer-Songwriter Noel Harrison a song and album called Santa Monica Pier.
In 1948, bandleader Kay Kyser published a 78 recording of the novelty song "When the Veronica Harmonica (Down plays at the Pier in Santa Monica). "
Gaming
Santa Monica is featured in the Games True Crime: Streets of LA (2003), Vampire: The Masquerade Bloodlines (2004), Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (2004), Tony Hawk's American Wasteland (2005) and Midnight Club: Los Angeles (2008).
See also
Los Angeles Portal
List the City of Santa Monica Designated Historic Landmarks
List of people from Santa Monica, California
Muscle Beach
Santa Monica neighborhoods
References
^ Abc Santa Monica, California (City-Data.com)
^ Martha Groves, big hopes for the low-profile mall, the Los Angeles Times, 5 March 2007.
^ Ben Tracy (18 February 2009). "Santa Monica's Controversial Steps". CBS News TV report. . Http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=4811826n From 24 February 2010th
^ Http: / / evworld.com / news.cfm? Newsid = 21 244
^ "U.S. Gazetteer files: 2000 and 1990." United States Census Bureau. 03/05/2005. Www.census.gov Http: / / / geo / www / gazetteer / gazette.html. From 31/01/2008.
^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather forecast for Los Angeles, California, United States of America". Weatherbase.com. Http: / / www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=159227&refer =. From 13/08/2009.
^ "Santa Barbara.com: June Gloom". SantaBarbara.com. http://www.santabarbara.com/community/weather/junegloom.asp. From 13/08/2009.
^ "Santa Monica Average Weather". Http: / / www.weather.com/outlook/health/achesandpains/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USCA1024.
^ Mayor: The greenest cities in the U.S.
^ Environmental Programs Division (EPD) – City of Santa Monica
^ "American affected. United States Census Bureau. Http://factfinder.census.gov. From 31/01/2008.
^ CNN Money – 25 most educated cities
^ Santa Monica City, California – Fact Sheet – American FactFinder
^ "Santa Monica Mayor Ken Genser dies at 59. "Los Angeles Times. 01/10/2010. Http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-santamonica-mayor10-2010jan10, 0.6224860. History.
^ "Will manipulated Districts Stem the Wave of Voter Unrest? ". Campaign Legal Center Blog. Http: / / www.clcblog.org/blog_item-85.html. From 02/10/2008.
^ "Investor Relations Contact. "Lions Gate Films. Retrieved on 3 November 2009.
^ "Advertising and sponsorship information." GeoCities. 19th December 1996. Retrieved on 30 April 2009.
^ From "Santa Monica CA Crime Statistics (2006 Crime Data)". Http: / / santamonica.areaconnect.com/crime1.htm. From 25 August 2009.
^ From "Crime Statistics for Santa Monica. http://www.trulia.com/real_estate/Santa_Monica-California/community-info/. From 25 August 2009.
^ Schley, Reeve T. (September 25, 2002). "Santa Monica Crime rate is highest in Los Angeles County. "Santa Monica Mirror. Http: / / www.smmirror.com/volume4/issue15/santa_monica_crime.asp. From 25 August 2009.
^ "Sustainable City Progress Report". http://www.smgov.net/Departments/OSE/categories/contentFullPage.aspx?id=6261. From 25 August 2009.
^ "Measure Y: Lowest Enforcement Priority for Adult, personal use of marijuana City of Santa Monica. "Http: / / www.smartvoter.org/2006/11/07/ca/la/meas/Y/. From 25 August 2009.
^ Emma Trotter (31 July 2009). "Two years Toking it up". Santa Monica Daily Press. http://www.smdp.com/Articles-c-2009-07-31-61013.113116_Two_years_of_toking_it_up_.html. From 25 August 2009.
^ Police chief urges regional approach to gang violence
^ Death of the gangster Omar Sevilla.
^ Los Angeles NBC report on the receipt of Fietze's killer
^ Gang Bullets Pierce of Santa Monica's Image
^ Violence in Pico
^ Suspects in Westside Clothing Store Shooting Charged
^ "Gangster's Paradise Lost "
AB ^ www.imdb.com
^ Various authors, "Sets and Locations", The Ultimate Buffy and Angel Trivia Guide (2007) updated.
^ Hiney, Tom (1999). Raymond Chandler. Grove Press. P. 92 ISBN 0802136370, 9,780,802,136,374th
^ Steve Harvey, "Only in LA", "Los Angeles Times, February 9, 1990.
^ YouTube video of the recording "as Veronica, the Harmonica," Kay Kyser Plays.
External Links
Wikimedia Commons to: Santa Monica, California
City of Santa Monica
Santa Monica Convention and Visitors Bureau
Santa Monica Chamber of Commerce
Santa Monica Little Leagues
Santa Monica Travel Guide by Wikitravel
Santa Monica, California, at the Open Directory Project
Coordinates: 340106 1182925 / 34.01833N 118.49028W / 34.01833, -118.49028
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GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Pt. V

• WHO WAS INDIA’S FIRST CRICKET COACH?

Ajit Wadekar was the first to coach the Indian cricket team. He was both the manager and the coach of the Indian cricket team from 1992 to 1996. John Wright was India’s first foreign coach.

• WHAT IS A SUCKER BALL IN CRICKET?

When a bowler intends to tempt batsman into scoring runs by bowling a ball which appears easy to hit and the batsman hits the ball but t results in his dismissal by either being stumped, bowled or caught, such ball is called a sucker ball.

• WHICH BATSMAN HAS REMAINED NOT OUT MOST OFTEN IN CRICKET ODIS?

Michael Bevan of Australia has remained not out most often in ODI cricket — 67 times in 196 innings of 232 matches he ‘ has played. He has scored 6,912 runs with an average of (53.58).

• WHO WAS THE YOUNGEST WINNER AT WIMBLEDON?

Swedish tennis legend Bjorn Borg was the youngest winner at Wimbledon. At 16, Borg was the Wimbledon junior champion in 1973. American Kathy Rinaldi, 15, was the youngest woman winner at Wimbledon (1981). Martina Hingis of Switzerland won the 1996 Wimbledon at 15 years too. At 17, Boris Becker won the men’s singles title in 1985.

• HOW MANY ONE-DAY INTERNATIONALS IN CRICKET HAVE ENDED IN A TIE?

Twenty one one-day international cricket matches have ended in a tie. While Australia has been involved in the most (8), the others are Pakistan (6), West Indies and South Africa (5), England, Zimbabwe and New Zealand (4 each) and India and Sri Lanka (3 each). Australia and South Africa have played four tied matches.

• WHY IS CRICKET NOT A DISCIPLINE IN THE OLYMPICS?

Cricket was played just once, at the Paris Olympics in 1900. Cricket is played by just 10 countries at the highest level (though there are nearly 100 associate members of the ICC) and this would normally disqualify it from being included as an Olympic sport. The International Olympic Committee claims mass participation is a must (minimum of 16 nations). The only other occasion cricket was part of a multi-disciplinary meet was at the 1998 Commonwealth Games at Kuala Lumpur.

• WHEN WERE COLOURED UNIFORMS INTRODUCED IN ODIS?

Coloured uniforms for ODIs were introduced in 1977 by Kerry Packer for the World Series matches in Australia which did not have official status, even though many world class cricketers took part. However, it was a revolution in itself. Its legacy is a permanent change in the way the game is funded, watched, played and perceived. World Series pioneered three-cornered tournaments, night cricket, floodlights, coloured clothing, coloured balls, drop-in pitches, on-field microphones and multitudinous

• WHO HOLDS THE RECORD FOR WINNING THE MOST NUMBER OF OLYMPIC GOLD MEDALS FOR SWIMMING?

In the 1972 Munich Olympic games, Mark Spitz won seven Olympic gold medals, a feat yet unequalled by any other Olympic athlete. Even more remarkably, Spitz set a new world record in each of the seven events – the 100 m freestyle, 200 m freestyle, 100 m butterfly, 200 m butterfly, 4 x 100 m freestyle, 4 x 200 m freestyle and the 4 x 100 m medley

• IN CRICKET, WHAT IS POWER PLAY?

The original rules of ODIs stated that during the first 15 overs, only two fielders should be allowed outside a 30-metre circle around the wicket. This meant that attacking batsman were likely to score runs quickly in the first 15 overs, but would become more watchful at the end of the spell. In an effort to keep the game more exciting during the middle overs, the 15 over block with fielding restrictions at the beginning of the innings is reduced to 10, and thereafter, the captain of the fielding side has to decide when to bring his fielders in again for two further blocks of 5 overs, at any time he likes. These 5 over spells are called Powerplay 2 and Powerplay 3. (Powerplay 1 is the first block of 10).

• WHAT IS THE MILEAGE OF F1 CARS?

For every 100 kilometres, a 900 bph F1 car uses 70 litres of petrol. A team uses about 1,200 litres of petrol during a Grand Prix weekend.

• WHY IS THE SOUTH AFRICAN CRICKET TEAM CALLED “PROTEAS”?

The Protea flower with pink and yellow petals, is the national flower of South Africa, and hence their cricket team is called proteas. Similarly, South Africa’s rugby team is called springboks, which is the country’s national animal.

• HAS ANY PLAYER IN CRICKET BEEN DECLARED OUT BECAUSE HE CAME LATE TO THE GROUND TO BAT?

Law 31 in cricket provides that an incoming batsman must be in position to take guard or for his partner to be ready to receive the next ball within 3 minutes of the fall of the previous wicket. If this requirement is not met, the incoming batsman will be declared ‘timed out’. The fielding side has to appeal for the wicket to be awarded. There is no known incidence of this in an international match. There are three cases, however, in first class cricket. H Yadav — Tripura vs Orissa at Cuttack in 1997; Vasbert Drakes — Border vs Free State at East London in 2002 and A J Harris — Nottinghamshire vs Durham UCCE at Nottingham in 2003.

• WHEN WAS THE FIRST INDO-PAK CRICKET TEST PLAYED?

India played Pakistan from October 16, 1952 at the Ferozeshah Kotia in Delhi to kick pff the first-ever Test series. India won this Test by an innings and 70 runs to take the lead in the five-match series. While Lala Amarnath captained India, A H Kardar led the Pakistan side. This was the beginning of a long and fierce battle for supremacy. Later this month, this “war by other means” continues with India’s tour of Pakistan.

• WHAT IS PELOTA?

Pelota is a very fast ball game of Basque derivation (language spoken by the people who inhabit the Pyrenees in north central Spain and the adjoining region of south western France). Pelota is popular in Latin American countries and in the USA where it’s a betting sport. It’s played by two, four or six players in a walled court or cancha and resembles squash. Each player uses a long curved wickerwork basket or cesta strapped to the hand to hurl the ball or pelota against the walls. Basque pelota has been an exhibition sport in Mexico and Barcelona.

• WHAT ARE THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF SKATING TEAM PURSUIT?

The basic elements are: Competitions may be announced for pursuit races with either three or four skaters in each team. In both cases, the finishing time of the team will be determined as the finishing time of the third skater in the team. If less than three skaters of the team finish the race, the team is considered not to have completed the race and is disqualified. In Team Pursuit races, the two teams start simultaneously at each side of the track at the middle of the straights. If a skater of a team is disqualified as per rules, the disqualification also applies for the team.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN JUDO AND AIKIDO?

Developed in the 19th century, judo is a Japanese system of wrestling. It was developed from jujitsu in 1882 by a Japanese educator. It tries to develop the skill of using an op- ponent’s own weight and strength against him. Techniques include throwing and grappling. Judo fighters learn how to fall safely when they are thrown to minimise injury. Aikido is (ai – harmony, ki – spirit, mind or universal energy, do – the Way) the Way of Harmony with Universal Energy. Created by Morihei Ueshiba (1883-1969), it’s based on bujutsu with an emphasis on self-defence and spiritual growth. In aikido, an attack is avoided with flowing, circular movements and it uses grappling, throws, and mainly non-resistance to tackle opponents.

• WHAT IS THE VJD METHOD IN CRICKET?

V Jayadevan, an engineer from Kerala, has devised a method which has the backing of the Indian board and will be discussed by the ICC’s Cricket Committee during its two-day meet in Dubai on May 13 and 14. Like the Duckworth-Lewis method, Jayadevan’s system (the VJD method) also comes from an analysis of numerous one day matches, and predicting scores and targets on the basis of scoring patterns recorded from earlier games.

• WHEN WAS THE STUMP CAMERA USED IN INTERNATIONAL CRICKET?

The first stump camera was installed by the BBC in the early 1990s. It placed a Hitachi KP-D8s camera in the middle stump. This was a colour camera that used a 410,000 pixel CCD (charge-coupled device) with micro lenses, and offered a Horizontal resolution of 470 TV lines. Its size (42 cubic cm and 80 gms) makes it possible for it to be inserted into the stump. If one camera is not enough, two can be placed, one with a wide-angle lens and the other with a narrow-angle lens, giving the broadcaster four different views.

• WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD ‘ACROBAT’?

The word ‘acrobat’ means a performer who is skilled in the feats of agility and balance. It comes from the Frencn word ‘acrobate’ which is derived from the Greek words ‘akrobates’ (one who walks on tiptoe) and ‘akrobatein’ (to walk on the stem of the feet).

• WHAT IS THE EIGHT QUEEN PROBLEM IN CHESS?

The eight queen problem in chess is one where a person has to place eight queens on a chess board such that none of the queens can capture another queen at that point of time. For example, place the queens at a8, b2, c4, dl, e7, f5, g3 and h6 respectively. There are a number of combinations (a fixed number, however) where a person can place queens at different positions and yet no queen can capture another queen.

• WHEN WAS FOOTBALL FIRST PLAYED?

Modern-day football has its origins in England. There are indications that a game akin to football called choule or soule arrived in England from Normandy, Brittany, and Picardy, during the Norman Conquest. According to historical evidence, football-like games were played in English public schools such as Eton and Winchester colleges in the 16th century. By the mid-19th century, public school boys more or less formalised the rules of football, which then became an organised activity. This gradually developed into football as we know it today.

• IN FOOTBALL, WHAT IS THE FALLING LEAF SHOT?

The falling leaf shot is called so because the ball swerves twice, just as a falling leaf, during its flight towards goal. The diminutive Brazilian striker of 1950s and ’60s, Manuel dos Santos Francisco Garrincha made the banana kick and falling leaf shot his own due to his brilliant skills. Garrincha earned the nickname of Little Bird due to his short stature and vast repertoire of beguiling free kicks that tormented defenders.

• WHICH IS THE WORLD’S FIRST VIDEO GAME?

In 1951, an .engineer Ralph Baer developed a game called Pong using raster video equipment. In 1958, William A Higinbotham created ‘tennis for two’, a game using an analog computer. The game was never patented and dismantled. Nolan Bushnell built an arcade game in 1969 using a rasterscan TV monitor. He is known as the father of video arcade games. From being a fun activity, video games are also used to help sick children manage pain and anxiety during hospital stays. Recently, Ethan Myers of Los Angeles made a partial recovery after a grave car accident, thanks partly to a video game system.

• WHEN WAS THE IDITAROD DOG RACE FIRST HELD?

The Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, also called the ‘Iditarod’ or the ‘Last Great Race’, is held in Alaska. It starts from Anchorage in southcentral Alaska and terminates at Nome on the western Bering Sea coast. Each team, of 12 to 16 dogs and their musher, covers over 1,150 miles in about three weeks. The Id- itarod Trail Sled Dog Race first ran in 1973. The idea was conceived by Dorothy G Page in 1964 as part of Alaska’s Centennial Year celebrations in 1967.

• WHAT IS THE WORLD RECORD FOR THE DEEPEST DIVE?

The world record for the deepest dive is held by South Africa’s Nuno Gomes, a 52-year-old engineer who dived to a depth of 318.25 metres (1044 feet). He was scuba diving in the Red Sea on June 10, 2005 and beat the earlier record of 313 metres set by Mark Ellyatt of Britain in 2003.

• WHO IS KNOWN AS THE POLE VAULT QUEEN?

Yelena Isinbayeva (23) of Russia has been hailed as the queen of pole vault. The world record holder has been virtually unbeaten in the past three years. Yelena, who spends most of her time in Monaco and trains in Italy, was recently asked to move to Italy and represent it for $6 million. However, she refused stating that she would never betray her country and that she is still based in Volgograd, her native place. She was Also approached by the oil baron Roman Abramovich to endorse the oil brand worldwide, but it did not materialise.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOCCER AND FOOTBALL?

What Americans call soccer is called football elsewhere in the world. So, if is better to say that American Soccer and British Football are the same sport. The official name of the sport is Association Football and the international body governing it is FIFA (Federation International de Football Association).

• IF A BATSMAN IS OUT LEGITIMATELY BUT THE FIELDERS DON’T APPEAL, WOULD THE UMPIRE RULE

HIM OUT?

Law 27 clearly says that: The umpire shall not give a batsman out unless appealed to by the other side which shall be done prior to the bowler beginning his run up bowling action to deliver .the next ball. Under Law 23.1 (f) (The Ball becomes dead), the ball is dead on ‘over’ being called, this does not however, invalidate an appeal made prior to the first ball of the following over provided ‘time’ has not been called as Law 17.1 (Call of Time). Always remember an appeal shall cover all ways of being out. (Law 27.2). Even if a batsman leaves his wicket under a misapprehension that he is out, but umpire ruled him not out under such circumstances, the umpire shall intervene if satisfied that he is wrong (Law 27.5).

• WHO HAS WON THE MOST PAIRS FREE SKATING TITLES?

Andree Brunett and Pierre Brunett have won the world figure skating championship four times — in 1926, 1928,1930 and 1932. Three pairs have won it thrice — Ludowika Jacobson and Walter Jacobson (1911,1913,1924), Helen Engelmanri and Alfred Berger (1913,1922,1924) and Elena Valova and Oleg Vasiliev (1983,1985,1988).

• WHEN WAS THE STUMP CAMERA USED IN INTERNATIONAL CRICKET? .

• WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD “ACROBAT ?

Theword-acrobafmeansaperformerwho is skilled in the feats of agility and balgance. It comes from the French “word ‘acrobate’ which is deprived from the Greek words ‘akrobates’ (one who walks on tiptoe) and ‘akrobatein’ (to walk on the stem of the feet).

• WHO WAS THE FIRST BATSMAN TO BE DECLARED OUT BY A THIRD UMPIRE?

Sachin Tendulkar, on November 14,1992 at Durban, against South Africa. Tendulkar, who had scored 11, glanced the ball to the backward point where Jonty Rhodes was fielding. Sachin attempted a quick single, but was sent back by non-striker Ravi Shastri. Rhodes threw the ball to the stumps where Andrew Hudson, who had moved in from short leg, broke the wicket. It was a close call so square-leg umpire Cyril Mitchley asked third umpire Karl Liebenberg to decide. The TV replay clearly showed that Tendulkar was run out.

• WHY IS THE CAPTAIN OF THE TEAM IS CALLED A SKIPPER?

Skipper originated from the Dutch word ’schipper’ (literally ’shipper’). Skipper usually means a person who commands a boat or ship. In naval terms, a skipper is responsible for the care and safety of the vessel, ship, yacht or boat. This is true of the captain as well, but in addition, the captain is also responsible for the care and safety of the crew. In sports, he is a team captain in lawn bowls. It is an informal title of a baseball manager and captain of a football team.

• WHAT IS A MAGIC BARRIER IN CHESS?

The International Chess Federation (FIDE) awards rating points to chess players to indicate their relative skill level. This system is based on a general statistical rating system called ELO. According to it, the more the rating points, the better the player. FIDE tracks players’ performances continually, and the ratings are revised periodically. Garry Kasparov obtained 2851, the highest score ever. Only four players — Kasparov, Kramnik, Topalov and Anand have obtained a score greater than or equal to 2800, which is called the magic barrier. The term is an imitation of the term sound barrier, which is considered a difficult threshold to cross before achieving supersonic speeds.

• WLIAT IS A CRICKETER’S COFFIN?

Cricketer’s coffin is a term used in jest for the kit bags that cricketers carry. The amount of paraphernalia carried by them on tours makes these bags resemble a coffin. It is also jocularly said that cricketers carry their coffin with them on every tour.

• HOW DOES THE SNICKOMETER WORK?

The Snickometer, although not used in adjudicating decisions, is a useful TV tool which tracks the cricket ball’s path by picking up sounds from pitch and stump microphones. The Snickometer, invented by Englishman Allan Plaskett in the mid ’90s, is used to display sound from stump microphones. The feed from the stump microphone is fed directly into the Snickometer which then represents the sound as a visual graphic. From that, viewers can tell whether the ball hit a pad (a flat, dull display) or hit the bat (a lot sharper graphic) or just went pass (a flat line).

• WHAT DO COLOUR CARDS SIGNIFY IN SOCCER?

• WHAT IS THE SOCCER WAR?

The Football War or Soccer War was a six-day war fought by El Salvador and Honduras in 1969. It had little to do with soccer but an attempt to settle cultural differences. The fact that the more aggressive Salvadoreans were illegally immigrating to Honduran territory was a leading cause of this war. It’s called the Soccer War because it began after a bitterly contested series of three World Cup qualifying matches between them. El Salvador initiated hostilities when its army moved into Honduras. After more than four days of fighting (which left 3,000 dead, 6,000 wounded and caused $50 million in damage), a ceasefire was called under pressure from the US and the Organisation of American States. A peace agreement was not signed until 1980, and it took a 1992 decision by the International Court of Justice to settle the boundary issues.

• WHAT ARE THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF SUMO WRESTLING?

With its origins in ancient Japan, sumo wrestling competitions are marked by elaborate rituals. A sumo bout takes place between two wrestlers belonging to a group of compatible ranks; the ranking system itself has been in existence since time immemorial. The wrestling takes place inside a circular area of 4.55 metres diameter with the ground made of clay and sand. The wrestlers can push, pull, slap, throw and grapple each other, but they are not permitted to engage in kicking, gouging or hair pulling. If any part of a wrestler’s body, except the soles of the feet, first touches the ground inside the ring, or if he crosses the boundary of the ring, then he is declared the loser. An average bout lasts for a few seconds to a few minutes.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SPORTS AND GAMES?

A sport is a physical activity carried out under an agreed set of rules, with a recreational purpose: for competition or self-enjoyment or a combination of these. A game is a recreational activity involving one or more players, defined by a goal that the players try to reach, and some set of rules to play it. Games are played primarily for entertainment or enjoyment. The difference of purpose differentiates sport from game, combined with the notion of individual (or team) skill or prowess.

o IS THE WWF AN AUTHENTIC WRESTLING SHOW?

No. WWE (formerly WWF) matches are a completely staged event for entertainment. The WWE superstars are fully informed about their matches, their results and the moves, which they have to use. The superstars are always ready to have their bodies on the line for the sake of WWE. So, the bottom line is that WWE, although a staged show as far as the results are concerned, is purely authentic when seen from the point of view of the WWE superstars as the blood shed and injuries are for real.

• WHAT ARE THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF THE UNEVEN BARS IN GYMNASTICS?

The uneven parallel bars demands strength, concentration, courage, coordination, precision and splitsecond timing. The routine must move from the low bar to the high bar, incorporating many grip changes releases and regrasps, flight elements, changes of direction, saltos and circle swings through the hand-stand position. The entire routine should flow from one movement to the next without pauses, extra swings or additional supports. Each routine must have two release elements.

• WHEN WAS THE FIRST RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP HELD?

The first Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship was held in 1963 in Budapest, Hungary The competition featured 28 athletes from 10 European countries. Rhythmic individual all-round competition was added to the Olympic Games in 1984. The Rhythmic group event was added as a medal sport at the 1996 Games. The Rhythmic Gymnastics group competition involves five athletes working together as a team.

• WHAT IS AUSSIE RULES FOOTBALL

This is the quintessential local Australian sport derived from a mixture of rugby and Gaelic football. It is played with 36 players (18 from each team) on an elliptical field, often called as an oval. First introduced in 1858, in the Victoria, Australia, the game is widely played in other countries like UK, Ireland, USA, Canada, Papua, New Guinea and New Zealand. The game is distinguished from other kinds of football by the fast, relatively free movement of the ball ‘ (due to absence of the off-side rule) ‘ and the awarding of a free kick for any clean catch, known as a mark, of a ball which has been kicked more than 15 metres.

• WHAT IS THE HIGHEST TOTAL SCORED BY ANY TEAM IN FIRST CLASS CRICKET?

The highest total score is 1,107 runs made by Victoria in a Sheffield Shield match against New South Wales at Melbourne in 1926. They scored this in 10 hours 30 minutes i.e. at an incredible rate of 1.76 runs per minute.

• WHO WAS INDIA’S FIRST CRICKET TEST CAPTAIN?

Lala Amarnath was independent India’s first Test captain and led India on the of Australia in 1947. He was a swashbuckling all rounder and an outspoken personality who was not afraid to speak his mind. After his retirement from the game, he was appointed to the board of selectors.

• WHY IS THE CRICKET BALL RED IN COLOUR?

The red ball is not always used in cricket these days. During night cricket matches, a white ball is used. As for the game itself, it originated in England, where ambient light levels leave much to be desired. Light is made of seven different colours. The red wavelength is scattered least from its original path while blue is scatted the most. Red colour is, therefore, most suited for spotting in dwindling light. Incidentally, the cricket ball is called the red cherry. The same explanation holds true for the red appearance of the sun during sunrise and sunset. Also, the same logic can explain why the sky and the oceans appear blue.

• WHAT IS SPECIAL ABOUT THE REDNECK GAMES?

The Redneck Games, events for the not so athletic, is held every July in Georgia (USA). Started ten years ago as a spoof of the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, it attracted about 15,000 participants this year. Events are unusual and include mudpit bellyflop, bobbing for pigs’ feet, hub cup hurling, cigarette flip, redneck horseshoe played with toilet seats, seed spitting contest, bug zapper spitball, big hair contest and the armpit serenade.

• WHICH IS THE WORLD’S LARGEST SWIMMING POOL?

The Natural Buoyancy Laboratory or NBL at the Sonny Carter Training Facility, known as the SCTF near NASA’s Johnson Space Center, Houston, is the world’s largest indoor swimming pool. The pool is 62 metres (202 ft) in length, 31 metres (102 ft) in width and 12 metres (40 ft) in depth — 6 metres (20 feet) above ground level and an equal distance below ground. The pool holds 22.7 million litres (6.2 million gallons) of water. The pool is used by astronauts to train in conditions similar to zero gravity using specialised methods.

• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SNOOKER, BILLIARDS, POOL AND SIDE POCKET?

The main difference is with respect to the number of balls used. In snooker, 22 balls, including the white colour striker ball, are used. The other coloured balls are as follows: 15 red, 1 yellow, 1 brown, 1 blue, 1 pink, 1 black and 1 green. In billiards, only three balls are used — white, yellow and red — and both the white and the yellow ball can act as the strikers. In pool, there are nine balls with numbers and stripes printed on them. Side pocket is not a recognised table game and refers to the corner pockets of the billiards table.

• IN RUGBY, WHY IS THE CALCUTTA CUP CALLED SO?

• WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF THE TERM ‘WILD CARD’ IN SPORT?

The origin lies in card games, where a wild card means a card with no fixed value, and whose value is assigned by the player dynamically In other games like tennis, the term is nowadays used to refer to a player (or a team) who is awarded entry to a tournament at the discretion of the organizing committee, even though the player (or team) has not strictly satisfied the eligibility criteria. A wild card is awarded to players who are usually young and promising, and belong to the home country The term has been in use in the above sense since 1950s.

• WHAT IS THE WOODEN SPOON IN SPORTS?

‘Wooden spoon’ is a phrase which refers to the performance of an individual or a team which finishes last in a competition. Sometimes, a mock or real wooden spoon award is also handed over to the contestant coming last. The phrase is apparently based on the fact that a wooden spoon is almost valueless compared to the winner’s trophy which is made of precious metal. The term had its origin in Cambridge University where professors used to dangle wooden spoon before students who failed in examination.

• WHY DO TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO PLAY AS A SEPARATE TEAM IN FOOTBALL BUT PLAY AS A PART OF THE WEST INDIES IN CRICKET?

West Indies is composed of several islands; some are independent nations, some others are dependencies or territories. Most were under the rule of Spain, Britain, France, Denmark, or the Netherlands. When England introduced cricket in its colonies in the 19th century it wanted to form only one cricket team in West Indies with representatives from all its colonies there and from British Guyana. The West Indies team was set up in 1890s and it gained Test status in 1928. It’s managed by the West Indies Cricket Board, which today represents ten independent and two dependent English-speaking nations of the Carribean. Unlike cricket, soccer developed independently in the West Indies. It is possible for each country of West Indies, particularly Trinidad and Tobago, to participate independently in international football tournaments.

• WHO HAS WON THE MOST NUMBER OF FENCING TITLES?

Russia’s Aleksandr Romankov has won the most men’s Individual World Championship fencing titles — five in 1974,1977,1979,1982 and 1983. However, he was never an Olympic champion. SagineRejto Ildiko has won the most Olympic fencing medals by a woman — seven (two gold, three silver, two bronze).

• WHY ARE THE AUSTRALIAN OPEN, FRENCH OPEN, WIMBLEDON AND THE US OPEN CALLED GRAND SLAMS?

In tennis, a singles player or doubles team is said to have achieved the Grand Slam if they succeed in winning all these four titles in the same year. These tournaments are therefore also known as the Grand Slam tournaments. The term was first used in 1933 by American journalist John Kieran. In describing the attempt that year by Jack Crawford to win all four titles, he compared it with “a countered and vulnerable grand slam in bridge”.

• WHAT IS TREE TRANSFER’ IN FOOTBALL?

Every football player who plays for a club has a contract with the club for a particular period of time. After the contract expires and the player moves/transfers to another club, it is called free transfer because the latter does not have to pay the player’s former club any amount of money.

• WHERE WAS TWENTY 20 FIRST PLAYED?

The Twenty20 format of cricket was first played in 2003, in a match between England and Wales at Lord’s in England. It drew a crowd of 26,500. The first international Twenty20 match was played between Australia and New Zealand in Auckland’s Eden Park.

• WHO WAS THE CAPTAIN OF INDEPENDENT INDIA’S FIRST CRICKET TEST TEAM?

The colourful cricket legend Lala Amarnath (1911-2000) was the first Test cricket captain of an independent Indian team. The first series he captained was against Australia, played in Australia in 1947-48. A brilliant all-rounder, he is best remembered as the first Indian to score a Test century in his debut match against England in Bombay in 1933. He was also the captain who led India to it’s first-ever Test victory and series victory in 1952- 53 when India and Pakistan played a series in India.

• WHY IS THE WIMBLEDON DRESS CODE WHITE?

Traditionally, white is considered the colour of sport since it stands for purity. Since the Wimbledon Championships places great emphasis on tradition, it insists that players wear only white. Of course, thanks to some players’ flamboyant outfits, most notably Andre Agassi, the all-white dress code was relaxed to “almost white”.

• WHO IS THE MOST EXPENSIVE FOOTBALLER?

In 2001, Zinedine Zidane transferred. From the Italian club Juventus F.C to Real Madrid of Spain , on a four-year contract. The transfer fee was $66 million, making him the most expensive, player in foot• ball history. The 34-year-old French captain, popularly known as Zizou, is considered one the greatest players of this generation. He has said that the 2(506 World Cup will be his last in competitive football. He is retiring from club football as well.

• WHY DO THE SURFACES OF TABLE TENNIS RACQUETS HAVE DIFFERENT COLOURS?

• IN FOOTBALL, WHY DOES THE BEST PLAYER WEAR NUMBER 10?

It’s not that the best player in a team wears a number 10 jersey. It just happens so. Generally the manager and coach start numbering the formation, beginning from the goalkeeper and then defenders and so on. Accordingly, mostly midfielders or forwards have that number. It’s completely according to strategies or formation.

• HAS ANY GOALKEEPER EVER SCORED A GOAL DIRECTLY FROM HIS 18-YARD BOX?

Luis Martinez, a Colombian goalkeeper achieved this feat in a match against Poland on May 30, 2006 in a World Cup warm-up match with Poland.

• WHAT’S THE HIGHEST SPEED RECORDED AT A FL EVENT?

The Grand Prix with the highest average speed was the 1971 Italian Grand Prix, won by Peter Gethin in a BRM at an average speed of 242.6 kph on the Monza circuit which at the time did not yet have any chicanes. Interestingly, a recent computer simulation suggested that current Formula. One car would achieve an average speed of well over 300 kph on the original circuit. In 1998, the fastest Grand Prix was the Italian, won by Michael Schumacher at an average speed of 237.591 kph.

• HOW IS ‘WALKING’ DIFFERENT FROM “RUNNING’ IN THE OLYMPICS?

In walking, the constraint is that at any frame of time you should always maintain contact with the ground. This can only be achieved when before lifting your rear foot you put the front foot on the ground. In running, there is no such constraint but the former method will slow you down compared to the latter. m running, you push your rear foot to get a leap even before your front foot has reached the ground, thus achieving greater speeds. In the walking marathon at the Olympics, foot contact is closely monitored and if the visual suggests the participant has not maintained continuous contact with the ground, it results in disqualification.

• WHY IS AUSTRALIA CALLED OZ?

The word Australia when referred to informally with its first three letters becomes Aus. When Aus or toundfairult.

• IN CHESS, WHY ARE THE PIECES IN BLACK AND WHITE, AND NOT IN ANY OTHER COLOUR?

It is for the sake of contrast. Although the colour of chess pieces may vary, the lighter colour is called ‘white’ while the darker colour is called ‘black’. The players are called ‘white players’ and ‘black players’, depending on the colour of pieces they control.

• WHAT DOES BMX STANDS FOR?

The full form of BMX is bicycle motocross. It is the sport of racing specially built bicycles on a rough, cross-country course that includes constructed obstacles. BMX wheels are much smaller in diameter than touring or hybrid wheels, and the frame is designed to be very small in relation to the size of the rider.

• WHY IS AUSTRALIA REFERRED TO AS DOWN UNDER?

Australia is known as ‘the land Down Under’ for its position in the southern hemisphere. The discovery of Australia began when European explorers searched for a land under the continent of Asia. Before Australia was discovered, it was known as Terra Australis Incognita — the unknown southern land. Despite the term’s wide usage, it is rarely used by Australians themselves, many of whom regard it with some derision.

• WHERE DID ACROBATICS ORIGINATE?

Acrobatic traditions are found in many cultures. In the West, Minoan art from circa 2000 B.C. contains depictions of acrobatic feats on the backs of bulls, which may have been a religious ritual. In China, acrobatics have been a part of the culture since the Han Dynasty, over 2500 years ago. During the Tang dynasty acrobatics saw much the same sort of development as European acrobatics saw during the Middle Ages with court displays during the 7th through the 10th century dominating the practice. The first use of acrobatics as a specific sport was in (he Soviet Union in the 1930s, and the first world championships were in 1974.

• WHICH IS THE WORLD’S RICHEST SPORTING BODY?

India’s cricket board claims it’s on track to becoming the richest sporting body in the world. Since Sharad Pawar took over as president of BCCI in November, supported by vice-president Lalit Modi, who is aggressively overseeing sales and marketing, and former BCCI president Inderjeet Singh Bihdra, the body claims it has already multiplied its income by eight times to about $1.5 billion.

• WHEN DID WHITE RIVER RAFTING BECOME A SPORT?

Rafting or whitewater rafting is a recreational activity utilising a raft to navigate a river or other water bodies. This is usually done on whitewater or different degrees of rough water. In the 1970s, raiting was included in the Munich Olympics. In the 1990s, rafting was included in the Barcelona Olympics (1992) and Atlanta Olympics (1996). The International Federation of Rafting was instituted in 1997, and the first official International Championship was held in 1999.

• WHICH IS THE NATIONAL GAME OF FRANCE?

France is one of the most sportsoriented countries in the world, considering that about two-thirds of the men and one-third of the women of France actively participate in at least one sport. Further, France hosts many prestigious international tournaments every year and France is one of the leading winners of gold medals in Olympics. Although a variety of sports and games are played and hosted by France, the most popular sports there are football, tennis, and cycling. Football has the maximum number of licensed players and is considered by many as the national game of France. However, cycling and tennis are also referred to as national games of France by some others.

• WHICH IS THE OLDEST GRAND SLAM TITLE IN TENNIS?

The Wimbledon Championships, played on grass courts, is the oldest Grand Slam tournament. It began as an amateur event called the Lawn Tennis Championships. The first championship was held in 1877. The other three Grand Slams of tennis are the US Open that started in 1881, the French Open in 1891, and the Australian Open in 1905.

• WHAT IS A DEAD BALL SITUATION IN FOOTBALL?

A dead ball situation in football is when the ball is not in motion. It is created whenever a foul is committed. A free kick is awarded to the respective team to whom the foul has been given. There should be a minimum distance of five yards between the ball and the player. Corner kicks as well as goal kicks are considered dead ball situations. The possibility of scoring a goal increases as the distance between the goal and the ball decreases in a dead ball situation.

• WHY ARE ATHLETIC EVENTS HELD IN ANTI-CLOCKWISE DIRECTION?

As we know, the Earth rotates in the anti-clockwise direction, and hence, it is much easier to go around a circle in the anti-clockwise direction during sports meets, particularly athletic events. Therefore, all such events are held in the anti-clockwise direction.

• WHICH IS THE WORLD’S OLDEST AND NEWEST FOOTBALL CLUB?

It is possible that a football-related organisation existed in London between 1421 and 1423. The records of the Brewers’ Company of London, a guild, mention the hiring out of their hall ‘by the football players’ for 20 pence, under the heading ‘Crafts and Fraternities’. The listing of football players as a fraternity is the earliest allusion to what might be considered a football club. There is evidence that in the 18th century, English cricket clubs regularly played football in the winter. It’s been claimed that the Barnes Club (later Barnes Rugby Football Club), from Barnes in London, was formed in 1839. However, this has not been conclusively documented.

• WHEN AND WHERE DID FIGURE SKATING ORIGINATE?

Figure skating began in the later part of the 19th century in Europe. An American ballet master Jackson Haines, who lived in Vienna in 1860s, added the elements of ballet and dance to figure skating. The first world championship for men was held in St Petersburg in 1896, followed by the women’s championship in 1906.

• WHAT’S THE MASCOT OF THE BEIJING OLYMPIC GAMES?

The mascots of the Beijing Olympic Games are Fuwa (five children). Fuwa, designed to express the playful qualities of five little children who form an intimate circle of friends, embody the natural characteristics of four of China’s most popular animals — Beibe (the Fish), Jingjing (the Panda), Huanhuan (the Tibetan Antelope), Nini (the Swallow) and the Olympic Flame. When you put their names together — Bei Jing Huan Ying Ni, they say ‘Welcome to Beijing’.

• WHAT ARE THE SPECIAL OLYMPICS?

Special Olympics is an international organisation created to help people with intellectual disabilities develop self-confidence, social skills and a sense of personal accomplishment through sports training and competition. Among their other activities, Special Olympics conduct the Special Olympics World Games every four years. This year it is taking place in China.

• WHAT IS A MASSE SHOT?

A masse shot, a term in billiards and snooker, is a technique that causes the cue ball to follow a curved path similar to a spin ball in cricket. The masse shot is accomplished by tilting the axis of the ball so that it spins to the inside of the desired curve, and against the grain of the felt. The forward direction of the ball is accomplished by the horizontal angle of the cue. The amount and direction of spin is achieved by the vertical angle and the point of contact. The force by which the ball is pushed is also decisive. The masse shot is an extremely complicated combination of physics that requires lot of concentration and practice.

• WHAT IS A LOW ULTIMATUM GAME?

A low ultimatum game is money related game. A person can offer a sum of money on a non-negotiable basis to another. The person receiving the cash knows how much the other has and how much he is being given from the total pie. At times, even if the sum of money offered is high, some people re-fuse it for they feel they are being given a very small slice of the pie. Scientists are now correlating this seemingly irrational decision to the testosterone level in these men while taking this decision.

• WHAT IS A PROGRESSIVE SCORE IN CHESS?

In chess tournaments, when two players end up with the same score on the final round, the tie needs to be broken for ranking purposes. Different systems of rating follow different rules for such tiebreaking, and the FIDE (Federation Internationale des Echecs) or the Worldwide Chess Federation system uses the cumulative progressive score. Progressive score in a round is the points obtained for the result in the current round plus the progressive score of the previous round if any In general, the system tends to reward early wins rather late wins.

• IN WHICH YEAR WAS BILLIARDS FIRST PLAYED?

Though the origin of billiards is lost in history, an account by the Greek traveller Anacharsis suggests that a rudimentary version was played by Egyptians around 400 BC. This form was adopted by the Greeks. The word ‘billiard’ has its roots in the French words ‘billart’ meaning stick, and ‘bille’ meaning ball. In 1470, the first billiards table was found among the possessions of French king Louis XI. The earliest record of how the game was played was made in the 15th century It started as an indoor version of croquet. The Spaniards introduced billiards to the Americans in 1565. Shakespeare’s use of the word ‘billiards’ in his playAnthony and Cleopatra shows that this sport was well known to the Elizabethans.

• WHAT’S SPECIAL ABOUT EUROPASS FOOTBALL?

The EuroPass is the official football for UEFA Euro 2008. The adidas EuroPass combines tradition with modernity It has a new surface structure which allows players to have more control over the ball and direct it perfectly in all weather conditions. The PSC-Texture, which consists of fine structures on the outer surface, guarantees optimum grip between the ball and boot. The 12 black dots on the ball contain individual graphic elements which stand for passion, friendship, action, training, fans and winning goal. The name EuroPass symbolises the connection between Austria and Switzerland, the host countries of the tournament.

• WHEN WAS THE FIRST TWENTY20 MATCH PLAYED?

Twenty20 cricket was first played in English domestic cricket in 2003, between England and Wales Cricket Board. The first international Twenty20 cricket match was played between Australia and New Zealand, on February 17, 2005 at Eden Park, Auckland. Australia defeated New Zealand by 44 runs.

• WHEN WAS CHESS FIRST PLAYED AS AN INTERNATIONAL GAME?

Chess was played in 1851 in London as an international tournament. The tournament was conceived and organised by English player Howard Staunton, and marked the first time that the best chess players in Europe met in a single event. German Adolf Andersson won the 16-player tournament, earning him the title of the Best Player in Europe.

• HOW IS A CRICKETER’S BATTING AVERAGE CALCULATED?

In cricket, a player’s batting average is the total number of runs he has scored divided by the number of times he has been out. Since the number of runs a player scores and how often he gets out are primarily measures of his playing ability, and largely independent of his team mates, the batting average is a good statistic to describe an individual player’s skill as a batsman. The number is also simple to interpret intuitively, being approximately the average number of runs the batsman scores per innings.

• WHO INVENTED THE BOARD GAME SNAKES AND LADDERS?

The board game, today called Snakes and Ladders, originated in ancient India, where it was known with the name Mokshapat or Moksha Patamu. It’s not exactly known when or who invented it, though it’s believed the game was played at a time as early as 2nd century BC. According to some historians, the game was invented by Saint Gyandev in the 13th century AD. Originally, the game was used asa part of moral instruction to chil dren. The squares in which ladders start were each supposed to stand for a virtue, and those housing the head of a snake were supposed to stand for an evil. The snakes outnumbered the ladders in the original Hindu game. The game was transported to England by the colonial rulers in the latter part of the 19th century, with some modifications. The modified game was named Snakes and Ladders and stripped of its moral and religious aspects and the number of ladders and snakes were equalized. In 1943, the game was introduced in the US under the name Chutes and Ladders.

• WHAT IS A CARROM BALL IN CRICKET?

It is a form of bowling. The ball is held between the thumb, forefinger and the middle finger, and instead of a regular release, the ball is squeezed out of the fingers. It could result in an off-break, a leg-break, or a googly Like in carrom, one never knows where the ball will land.

• WHO INVENTED THE BOARD GAME SNAKES AND LADDERS?

A complete Sanskrit name for Snakes and Ladders— ‘Parama Pada Sopana Patam’— means the chart showing the ladder that leads to the ultimate state. Such blockprinted charts on rough paper were sold at fairs or marketstreets leading to the main doors of the temples of south India. An important aspect of the game is that when you get to the higher stage of spiritual attainment, only certain falls of the dice will entitle you to move to the next house, illustrating the difficulty of spiritual practice needed for attaining moksha, the ultimate release. The game was a way to teach the young, in an entertaining way, the principles of ancient Indian thinking on proper living.

• WHO IS THE YOUNGEST OLYMPIC GOLD MEDALLIST?

The youngest individual Olympic gold medallist is Marjorie Gestring of the United States. She was 13 years and 268 days old when she won the gold medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany, in the 3-metre springboard diving competition. As the 1940 and 1944 Olympics were not held due to World War II, she didn’t get a chance to defend her title. An interesting aspect about her victory is that it was watched by Adolf Hitler. Marjorie Gestring was also included in the International Swimming Hall of Fame and a member of the Stanford Athletic Hall of Fame. She came back in the 1948 London Olympics. Danish swimmer Inge Sorensen won the bronze medal in the 200 m breaststroke, aged 12 years, 24 days. She remains the youngest-ever competitor to win an Olympic medal in an individual event.

• WHEN DID COMMENTARY MAKE ITS DEBUT IN CRICKET?

The first cricket game to be covered on radio between two teams from New South Wales was a charity game in Australia in 1922. Len Watt was the man behind the mike. The first ballby-ball commentary started in England by F H Gillingham, who covered a county game. Since 1930, cricket commentary on radio became commonplace.

• WHO IS A SCRUM-HALF?

The scrum-half in rugby, also known as inside-half and halfback, is an all-rounder, an excellent passer of both hands, an effective kicker with both feet, a good defender around the fringes and in the cover, and a nimble runner who can sniff a gap and ’snipe’ from both set and broken play. He is the lynchpin of a rugby team and is always looking for a fight.

• WHAT IS RBI BASEBALL?

RBI Baseball is a baseball video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was produced by Tengen and originally released in 1987.

• WHAT IS JEU DE PAMNE?

Jeu de Paume is also called ‘real tennis’ or ‘court tennis’. It is the precursor of modern tennis and was a rage in Renaissance Europe. Jeu de Paume traces its history to the llth century when French monks played the sport using their bare hands to volley cloth bags of hair or cork.,

• WHAT IS A SOFT DISMISSAL IN CRICKET?

It is a dismissal in which a cricketer who is good at play ing a particular stroke gets out on that stroke very early V.V S Laxman, for instance, is good at playing the leg stroke. But if he gets out early while playing it, it’s called a soft dismissal.

• WHY ARE HATS A RAGE AT THE RACES?

Fascinating hats are worn in Royal enclosures at Ascot and other horse races during Ladies’ Day when women come out in force and the venue turns into a fashion ramp. History shows that popularity of hats and kerchiefs dates back to early 1800s.

• WHAT IS THE CALCUTTA CUP?

On Christmas Day in 1872, a game of rugby between 20 players representing England on one side and 20 representing Scotland, Ireland and Wales on the other, was played in Calcutta. The match was such a success that it was repeated a»week later. These matches led to the formation of the Calcutta Football Club in January 1873. The Calcutta Club joined the Rugby Football Union in 1874, and since then it is called the Calcutta Cup.

• WHO ARE THE YOUNGEST AND OLDEST CAPTAINS TO WIN THE SOCCER WORLD CUP?

The youngest captain was Cafuaka Marcos Evangelista de Moraes from Brazil. Born on June 7,1970, he won the World Cup in 1994 and 2002. The oldest captain is Dino Zoff from Italy born on February 28,1942. He won the World Cup in 1982.

• WHAT IS THE SUPERMAN SEAT-GRAB?

In freestyle motocross, when the rider is in the air, it is termed ‘Big Air’. Superman seat-grab is considered a regular trick in which, when the rider is in the air (18 m is the minimum suitable height for performing this trick), puts ne hand on the handle bar and other grabs the seat of the bike, and extends the lower body up in the air.

• WHAT IS THE AGRICULTURAL SHOT IN CRICKET?

The agricultural shot is the wild slog of the ball, usually over mid-wicket or over square leg. It is executed by a swing of the bat across the line of the ball played in a crude manner, and without much technique. This may also sometimes result in some earth being scooped out when the bat hits the ground. ‘

• WHAT ARE ‘FIRST SERVE’ AND ‘SECOND SERVE’ IN TENNIS?

In tennis, there is a specified boundary marked on the court behind which the ball should fall as a player serves. So, if the ball hits the net and falls back to the server’s court or goes beyond the marked boundary on the opponent’s court, it is a wrong serve. As a rule, a player is allowed to serve again if the ‘first serve’ is wrong; this serve is called ’second serve’.

• WHAT IS A STALEMATE IN CHESS?

When a player has no legal moves, it is not possible to proceed further in the game. This results in a stalemate, provided his king is not in check. The game is declared a draw when such a situation arises, no matter what advantage one side has over the other.

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